Study of Audio Loudness Range for Consumers in Various Listening Modes and Ambient Noise Levels (CTA-TR-11)

Various systems have been developed to control loudness range or limit maximum loudness during consumer audio playback. These systems have generally been ad hoc developments that vary in operational controls and performance. Many audio control systems are designed to focus on the signals, such as electrical signal peaks, rather than effect of loudness variation on listeners. This study investigates the range of audio program loudness that is desired by listeners in typical noise environments. Listening conditions include the ambient noise environments typically encountered by listeners with fixed and portable audio playback equipment, such as average homes, offices, automobiles and public transit. The results may inform the design of audio loudness management control systems for consumer audio playback systems.